Hiệp định Paris 27/1/1973

Hiệp định Paris 27/1/1973

Paris Peace Accords
Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam, signed in Paris and entered into force January 17, 1973.

AGREEMENT ON ENDING THE WAR AND RESTORING PEACE IN VIET-NAM
The Parties participating in the Paris Conference on Viet-Nam,

With a view to ending the war and restoring peace in Viet-Nam on the basis of respect for the Vietnamese people's fundamental national rights and the South Vietnamese people's right to self- determination, and to contributing to the consolidation of peace in Asia and the world,

Have agreed on the following provisions and undertake to respect and to implement them:

Chapter I
THE VIETNAMESE PEOPLE'S FUNDAMENTAL NATIONAL RIGHTS

Article 1

The United States and all other countries respect the independence, sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity of Viet-Nam as recognized by the 1954 Geneva Agreements on Viet- Nam.

Chapter II
CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES - WITHDRAWAL OF TROOPS,

Article 2

A cease-fire shall be observed throughout South Viet-Nam as of 2400 hours G.M.T. [Greenwich Mean Time], on January 27, 1973.

At the same hour, the United States will stop all its military activities against the territory of the Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam by ground, air and naval forces, wherever they may be based, and end the mining of the territorial waters, ports, harbors, and waterways of the Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam. The United States will remove, permanently deactivate or destroy all the mines in the territorial waters, ports, harbors, and waterways of North Viet-Nam as soon as this Agreement goes into effect.

The complete cessation of hostilities mentioned in this Article shall be durable and without limit of time.

Article 3

The parties undertake to maintain the cease-fire and to ensure a lasting and stable peace.

As soon as the cease-fire goes into effect:

(a) The United States forces and those of the other foreign countries allied with the United States and the Republic of Viet-Nam shall remain in-place pending the implementation of the plan of troop withdrawal. The Four-Party Joint Military Commission described in Article 16 shall determine the modalities.

(b) The armed forces of the two South Vietnamese parties shall remain in-place. The Two-Party Joint Military Commission described in Article 17 shall determine the areas controlled by each party and the modalities of stationing.

(c) The regular forces of all services and arms and the irregular forces of the parties in South Viet-Nam shall stop all offensive activities against each other and shall strictly abide by the following stipulations:

- All acts of force on the ground, in the air, and on the sea shall be prohibited;

- All hostile acts, terrorism and reprisals by both sides will be banned.

Article 4

The United States will not continue its military involvement or intervene in the internal affairs of South Viet-Nam.

Article 5

Within sixty days of the signing of this Agreement, there will be a total withdrawal from South Viet-Nam of troops, military advisers, and military personnel, including technical military personnel and military personnel associated with the pacification program, armaments, munitions, and war material of the United States and those of the other foreign countries mentioned in Article 3 (a). Advisers from the above-mentioned countries to all paramilitary organizations and the police force will also be withdrawn within the same period of time.

Article 6

The dismantlement of all military bases in South Viet-Nam of the United States and of the other foreign countries mentioned in Article 3 (a) shall be completed within sixty days of the signing of this agreement.

Article 7

From the enforcement of the cease-fire to the formation of the government provided for in Article 9 (b) and 14 of this Agreement, the two South Vietnamese parties shall not accept the introduction of troops, military advisers, and military personnel including technical military personnel, armaments, munitions, and war material into South Viet-Nam.

The two South Vietnamese parties shall be permitted to make periodic replacement of armaments, munitions and war material which have been destroyed, damaged, worn out or used up after the cease-fire, on the basis of piece-for-piece, of the same characteristics and properties, under the supervision of the Joint Military Commission of the two South Vietnamese parties and of the International Commission of Control and Supervision.

THE RETURN OF CAPTURED MILITARY PERSONNEL AND FOREIGN CIVILIANS AND CAPTURED AND DETAINED VIETNAMESE CIVILIAN PERSONNEL

Article 8

(a) The return of captured military personnel and foreign civilians of the parties shall be carried out simultaneously with and completed not later than the same day as the troop withdrawal mentioned in Article 5. The parties shall exchange complete lists of the above-mentioned captured military personnel and foreign civilians on the day of the signing of this Agreement.

(b) The parties shall help each other to get information about those military personnel and foreign civilians of the parties missing in action, to determine the location and take care of the graves of the dead so as to facilitate the exhumation and repatriation of the remains, and to take any such other measures as may be required to get information about those still considered missing in action.

(c) The question of the return of Vietnamese civilian personnel captured and detained in South Viet-Nam will be resolved by the two South Vietnamese parties on the basis of the principles of Article 21 (b) of the Agreement on the Cessation of Hostilities in Viet-Nam of July 20, 1954. The two South Vietnamese parties will do so in a spirit of national reconciliation and concord, with a view to ending hatred and enmity, in order to ease suffering and to reunite families. The two South Vietnamese parties will do their utmost to resolve this question within ninety days after the cease-fire comes into effect.

Chapter IV
THE EXERCISE OF THE SOUTH VIETNAMESE PEOPLE'S RIGHT TO SELF- DETERMINATION

Article 9

The Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam undertake to respect the following principles for the exercise of the South Vietnamese people's right to self-determination:

(a) The South Vietnamese people's right to self-determination is sacred, inalienable, and shall be respected by all countries.

(b) The South Vietnamese people shall decide themselves the political future of South Viet-Nam through genuinely free and democratic general elections under international supervision.

(c) Foreign countries shall not impose any political tendency or personality on the South Vietnamese people.

Article 10

The two South Vietnamese parties undertake to respect the cease- fire and maintain peace in South Viet-Nam, settle all matters of contention through negotiations, and avoid all armed conflict.

Article 11

Immediately after the cease-fire, the two South Vietnamese parties will:

- achieve national reconciliation and concord, end hatred and enmity, prohibit all acts of reprisal and discrimination against individuals or organizations that have collaborated with one side or the other;

- ensure the democratic liberties of the people: personal freedom, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of meeting, freedom of organization, freedom of political activities, freedom of belief, freedom of movement, freedom of residence, freedom of work, right to property ownership, and right to free enterprise.

Article l2

(a) Immediately after the cease-fire, the two South Vietnamese parties shall hold consultations in a spirit of national reconciliation and concord, mutual respect, and mutual non- elimination to set up a National Council of National Reconciliation and Concord of three equal segments. The Council shall operate on the principle of unanimity, After the National Council of National Reconciliation and Concord has assumed its functions, the two South Vietnamese parties will consult about the formation of councils at lower levels. The two South Vietnamese parties shall sign an agreement on the internal matters of South Viet-Nam as soon as possible and do their utmost to accomplish this within ninety days after the cease- fire comes into effect, in keeping with the South Vietnamese people's aspirations for peace, independence and democracy.

(b) The National Council of National Reconciliation and Concord shall have the task of promoting the two South Vietnamese parties' implementation of this Agreement, achievement of national reconciliation and concord and ensurance of democratic liberties. The National Council of National Reconciliation and Concord will organize the free and democratic general elections provided for in Article 9 (b) and decide the procedures and modalities of these general elections. The institutions for which the general elections are to be held will be agreed upon through consultations between the two South Vietnamese parties. The National Council of National Reconciliation and Concord will also decide the procedures and modalities of such local elections as the two South Vietnamese parties agree upon.

Article 13

The question of Vietnamese armed forces in South Viet-Nam shall be settled by the two South Vietnamese parties in a spirit of national reconciliation and concord, equality and mutual respect, without foreign interference, in accordance with the postwar situation. Among the questions to be discussed by the two South Vietnamese parties are steps to reduce their military effectives and to demobilize the troops being reduced. The two South Vietnamese parties will accomplish this as soon as possible.

Article 14

South Viet-Nam will pursue a foreign policy of peace and independence. It will be prepared to establish relations with all countries irrespective of their political and social systems on the basis of mutual respect for independence and sovereignty and accept economic and technical aid from any country with no political conditions attached. The acceptance of military aid by South Viet-Nam in the future shall come under the authority of the government set up after the general elections in South Viet- Nam provided for in Article 9 (b).

Chapter V
THE REUNIFICATION OF VIET-NAM AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH VIET-NAM

Article 15

The reunification of Viet-Nam shall be carried out step by step through peaceful means on the basis of discussions and agreements between North and South Viet-Nam, without coercion or annexation by either party, and without foreign interference. The time for reunification will be agreed upon by North and South Viet-Nam-

Pending reunification:

(a) The military demarcation line between the two zones at the 17th parallel is only provisional and not a political or territorial boundary, as provided for in paragraph 6 of the Final Declaration of the 1954 Geneva Conference.

(b) North and South Viet-Nam shall respect the Demilitarized Zone on either side of the Provisional Military Demarcation Line.

(c) North and South Viet-Nam shall promptly start negotiations with a view to reestablishing-normal relations in various fields. Among the questions to be negotiated are the modalities of civilian movement across the Provisional Military Demarcation Line,

(d) North and South Viet-Nam shall not join any military alliance or military bloc and shall not allow foreign powers to maintain military bases, troops; military advisers, and military personnel on their respective territories, as stipulated in the 1954 Geneva Agreements on Viet-Nam.

THE JOINT MILITARY COMMISSIONS, THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF CONTROL AND SUPERVISION, THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE

Article 16

(a) The Parties participating in the Paris Conference on Viet- Nam shall immediately designate representatives to form a Four- Party Joint Military Commission with the task of ensuring joint action by the parties in implementing the following provisions of this Agreement:

- The first paragraph of Article 2, regarding the enforcement of the cease-fire throughout South Viet-Nam;

- Article 3 (a), regarding the cease-fire by U.S. forces and those of the other foreign countries referred to in that Article;

- Article 3 (c), regarding the cease-fire between all parties in South Viet-Nam;

- Article 5, regarding the withdrawal from South Viet-Nam of U.S. troops and those of the other foreign countries mentioned in Article 3 (a);

- Article 6, regarding the dismantlement of military bases in South Viet-Nam of the United States and those of the other foreign countries mentioned in Article 3 (a);

- Article 8 (a), regarding the return of captured military personnel and foreign civilians of the parties;

- Article 8 (b), regarding the mutual assistance of the parties in getting information about those military personnel and foreign civilians of the parties missing in action.

(b) The Four-Party Joint Military Commission shall operate in accordance with the principle of consultations and unanimity. Disagreements shall be referred to the International Commission of Control and Supervision.

(c) The Four-Party Joint Military Commission shall begin operating immediately after the signing of this Agreement and end its activities in sixty days, after the completion of the withdrawal of U.S. troops and those of the other foreign countries mentioned in Article 3 (a) and the completion of the return of captured military personnel and foreign civilians of the parties.

(d) The four parties shall agree immediately on the organization, the working procedure, means of activity, and expenditures of the Four-Party Joint Military Commission.

Article 1 7

(a) The two South Vietnamese parties shall immediately designate representatives to form a Two-Party Joint Military Commission with the task of ensuring joint action by the two South Vietnamese parties in implementing the following provisions of this Agreement:

- The first paragraph of Article 2, regarding the enforcement of the cease-fire throughout South Viet-Nam, when the Four-Party Joint Military Commission has ended its activities;

- Article 3 (b), regarding the cease-fire between the two South Vietnamese parties;

- Article 3 (c), regarding the cease-fire between all parties in South Viet-Nam, when the Four-Party Joint Military Commission has ended its activities;

- Article 7, regarding the prohibition of the introduction of troops into South Viet-Nam and all other provisions of this Article;

- Article 8 (c), regarding the question of the return of Vietnamese civilian personnel captured and detained in South Viet-Nam;

- Article 1 3, regarding the reduction of the military effectives of the two South Vietnamese parties and the demobilization of the troops being reduced.

(b) Disagreements shall be referred to the International Commission of Control and Supervision.

(c) After the signing of this Agreement, the Two-Party Joint Military Commission shall agree immediately on the measures and organization aimed at enforcing the cease-fire and preserving peace in South Viet-Nam,

Article 18

(a) After the signing of this Agreement, an International Commission of Control and Supervision shall be established immediately.

(b) Until the International Conference provided for in Article 19 makes definitive arrangements, the International Commission of Control and Supervision will report to the four parties on matters concerning the control and supervision of the implementation of the following provisions of this Agreement:

- The first paragraph of Article 2, regarding the enforcement of the cease-fire throughout South Viet-Nam;

- Article 3 (a), regarding the cease-fire by U.S. forces and those of the other foreign countries referred to in that Article;

- Article 3 (c), regarding the cease-fire between all the parties in South Viet-Nam;

- Article 5, regarding the withdrawal from South Viet-Nam of U.S. troops and those of the other foreign countries mentioned in Article 3 (a);

- Article 6, regarding the dismantlement of military bases in South Viet-Nam of the United States and those of the other foreign countries mentioned in Article 3 (a);

- Article 8 (a), regarding the return of captured military personnel and foreign civilians of the parties.

The International Commission of Control and Supervision shall form control teams for carrying out its tasks. The four parties shall agree immediately on the location and operation of these teams. The parties will facilitate their operation.

(c) Until the International Conference makes definitive arrangements, the International Commission of Control and Supervision will report to the two South Vietnamese parties on matters concerning the control and supervision of the implementation of the following provisions of this Agreement:

- The first paragraph of Article 2, regarding the enforcement of the cease-fire throughout South Viet-Nam, when the Four-Party Joint Military Commission has ended its activities;

- Article 3 (b), regarding the cease-fire between the two South Vietnamese parties;

- Article 3 (c), regarding the cease-fire between all parties in South Viet-Nam, when the Four-Party Joint Military Commission has ended its activities;

- Article 7, regarding the prohibition of the introduction of troops into South Viet-Nam and all other provisions of this Article;

- Article 8 (c), regarding the question of the return of Vietnamese civilian personnel captured and detained in South Viet-Nam;

- Article 9 (b), regarding the free and democratic general elections in South Viet-Nam;

- Article 13, regarding the reduction of the military effectives of the two South Vietnamese parties and the demobilization of the troops being reduced.

The International Commission of Control and Supervision shall form control teams for carrying out its tasks. The two South Vietnamese parties shall agree immediately on the location and operation of these teams. The two South Vietnamese parties will facilitate their operation.

(d) The International Commission of Control and Supervision shall be composed of representatives of four countries: Canada, Hungary, Indonesia and Poland. The chairmanship of this Commission will rotate among the members for specific periods to be determined by the Commission.

(e) The International Commission of Control and Supervision shall carry out its tasks in accordance with the principle of respect for the sovereignty of South Viet-Nam.

(f) The International Commission of Control and Supervision shall operate in accordance with the principle of consultations and unanimity.

(g) The International Commission of Control and Supervision shall begin operating when a cease-fire comes into force in Viet-Nam. As regards the provisions in Article 18 (b) concerning the four parties, the International Commission of Control and Supervision shall end its activities when the Commission's tasks of control and supervision regarding these provisions have been fulfilled. As regards the provisions in Article 18 (c) concerning the two South Vietnamese parties, the International Commission of Control and Supervision shall end its activities on the request of the government formed after the general elections in South Viet-Nam provided for in Article 9 (b).

(h) The four parties shall agree immediately on the organization, means of activity, and expenditures of the International Commission of Control and Supervision. The relationship between the International Commission and the International Conference will be agreed upon by the International Commission and the International Conference.

Article 19

The parties agree on the convening of an International Conference within thirty days of the signing of this Agreement to acknowledge the signed agreements; to guarantee the ending of the war, the maintenance of peace in Viet-Nam, the respect of the Vietnamese people's fundamental national rights, and the South Vietnamese people's right to self-determination; and to contribute to and guarantee peace in Indochina.

The United States and the Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam, on behalf of the parties participating in the Paris Conference on Viet-Nam will propose to the following parties that they participate in this International Conference: the People's Republic of China, the Republic of France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom, the four countries of the International Commission of Control and Supervision, and the Secretary General of the United Nations, together with the parties participating in the Paris Conference on Viet-Nam.

Chapter VII
REGARDING CAMBODIA AND LAOS

Article 20

(a) The parties participating in the Paris Conference on Viet- Nam shall strictly respect the 1954 Geneva Agreements on Cambodia's and the 1954 Geneva Agreements on Laos, which recognized the Cambodian and the Lao peoples' fundamental national rights, i.e., the independence, sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity of these countries. The parties shall respect the neutrality of Cambodia and Laos.

The parties participating in the Paris Conference on Viet-Nam undertake to refrain from using the territory of Cambodia and the territory of Laos to encroach on the sovereignty and security of one another and of other countries.

(b) Foreign countries shall put an end to all military activities in Cambodia and Laos, totally withdraw from and refrain from reintroducing into these two countries troops, military advisers and military personnel, armaments, munitions and war material.

(c) The internal affairs of Cambodia and Laos shall be settled by the people of each of these countries without foreign interference.

(d) The problems existing between the Indochinese countries shall be settled by the Indochinese parties on the basis of respect for each other's independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity, and non-interference in each other's internal affairs.

Chapter VIII
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF VIET-NAM

Article 21

The United States anticipates that this Agreement will usher in an era of reconciliation with the Democratic Republic of Viet- Nam as with all the peoples of Indochina. In pursuance of its traditional policy, the United States will contribute to healing the wounds of war and to postwar reconstruction of the Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam and throughout Indochina.

Article 22

The ending of the war, the restoration of peace in Viet-Nam, and the strict implementation of this Agreement will create conditions for establishing a new, equal and mutually beneficial relationship between the United States and the Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam on the basis of respect for each other's independence and sovereignty, and non-interference in each other's internal affairs. At the same time this will ensure stable peace in Viet-Nam and contribute to the preservation of lasting peace in Indochina and Southeast Asia.

Chapter IX
OTHER PROVISIONS

Article 23

This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by plenipotentiary representatives of the parties participating in the Paris Conference on Viet-Nam. All the parties concerned shall strictly implement this Agreement and its Protocols. Done in Paris this twenty-seventh day of January, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-three, in English and Vietnamese. The English and Vietnamese texts are official and equally authentic.

FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF
THE REPUBLIC OF VIET-NAM:
(Signed): (Signed):

William P. Rogers Tran Van Lam
Secretary of State Minister for Foreign Affairs


FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF
THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF VIET-NAM: FOR THE PROVISIONAL REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT
OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH VIET-NAM:
(Signed): (Signed):

Nguyen Duy Trinh Nguyen Thi Binh
Minister for Foreign Affairs Minister for Foreign Affairs

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http://vietnam.vassar.edu/doc16.html

(en) Texte des accords de Paix de Paris
Accords de paix de Paris - Wikipédia
Signature des accords de paix de Paris le 27 janvier 1973. Au départ, les États-Unis ne reconnaissaient pas le rôle du FNL, comme la République démocratique ...

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NOTES ON PARIS PEACE ACCORDS, 27 JANUARY 1973
Dr. Ernest Bolt, University of Richmond

Sources: U.S. Treaties and Other International Agreements, vol. 24 (1973) and Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War, Stanley I. Kutler, ed. (1996), pp. 657-678.

Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Viet-Nam(Nine chapters and twenty-three articles)

Cease-fire in-place and troop withdrawal - U.S. pledged to cease hostilities (ground, air, naval, deactivate or destroy mines in all waterways). Cease-fire in-place also applied to other belligerents. Total withdrawal to be completed in 60 days.
Four-Power Joint Military Commission (see Article 16) will oversee cease-fire and troop and adviser withdrawal, to be completed in 60 days. Military bases of U.S. to be dismantled in same period.

No introduction (by either Vietnamese party) of new troops, advisers, etc. or arms and war materials into their respective cease-fire zones; this article to be supervised by Four-Power Joint Military Commission (created in Article 16).
All parties committed to no further acts of force on ground, in the air, and on the sea. This prohibition also included terrorism and reprisals. Both Vietnamese sides were permitted to replace arms and war materials destroyed, damaged, or worn-out, under supervision of the Joint Military Commission.

Return of all captured military personnel and foreign civilians within 60 day period, also under supervision of the Joint Military Commission.
Exercise of South Vietnam's right of self-determination -- six articles dealt with delaration of this right, asserting the 1954 division of Vietnam as provisional and not political or territorial in nature (citing the Final Declaration of the 1954 Geneva Conference).

North and South Vietnam to begin peaceful negotiations on establishing normal relations and reunification.
Implementation of the Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace would be under three bodies (see Articles 16, 17, and 18): the Four-Party Joint Military Commission, the Two-Party Joint Military Commission, and the International Commission on Control and Supervision. Article 19 provided for an International Conference (within thirty days) to acknowledge the signed agreements, guarantee the ending of the war, the peace of Indochina, and the right of self-determination by the South Vietnamese people.

Articles 21 and 22 anticipated reconciliation and normalization of relations between the U.S. and the Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam. The former promised postwar reconstruction aid.

Signatories
For the U.S. -- William P. Rogers, Secretary of StateRepublic of Viet-Nam -- Tran Van Lam, Minister for Foreign AffairsDemocratic Republic of Viet-Nam -- Nguyen Duy Trinh, Minister for Foreign AffairsProvisional Revolutionary Government of Viet-Nam -- Nguyen Thi Binh, Minister for Foreign Affairs

Three Protocols
More detailed documents derived from the basic Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Viet-Nam. All were signed separately by the same signatories.
Concerning return of POWs, foreign civilians, and captured and detained Vietnamese civilians (14 Articles). Also dealt with dead and missing persons.
Concerning the Cease-Fire and Joint Military Commissions (19 Articles).
Concerning the International Commission of Control and Supervision (18 Articles)

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Notes on Paris Peace Accords, 27 January 1973
NOTES ON PARIS PEACE ACCORDS, 27 JANUARY 1973 Dr. Ernest Bolt, University of Richmond. Sources: U.S. Treaties and Other International Agreements, vol. ...

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Excerpts from the Paris Accords, January 27, 1973.

Article I
.... The United States and all other countries respect the independence, sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity of Viet-Nam as recognized by the 1954 Geneva Agreements on Viet-Nam . . .

Article 2
A cease fire shall be observed throughout South Viet-Nam as of 2400 hours G.M.T., on January 27, 1973. At the same hour, the United States will stop all its military activities against the territory of the Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam by ground, air and naval forces, wherever they may be based, and end the mining of the territorial waters, ports, harbors, and waterways of the Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam. The United States will remove, permanently deactivate or destroy all the mines in the territorial waters, ports, harbors, and waterways of North Viet-Nam as soon as this Agreement goes into effect. The complete cessation of hostilities mentioned in this Article shall be durable and without limit of time....

Article 4
The United States will not continue its military involvement or intervene in the internal affairs of South Viet-Nam.

Article 5
Within sixty days of the signing of this Agreement, there will be a total withdrawal from South Viet-Nam of troops, military advisers, and military personnel including technical military personnel and military personnel associated with the pacification program, armaments, munitions, and war material of the United States and those of the other foreign countries mentioned in Article 3(a). Advisers from the above-mentioned countries to all paramilitary organizations and the police force will also be withdrawn within the same period of time.

Article 6
The dismantlement of all military bases in South Viet-Nam of the United States and of the other foreign countries mentioned in Article 3(a) shall be completed within sixty days of the signing of this Agreement.

Article 7
From the enforcement of the cease-fire to the formation of the government provided for in Article 9(b) and 14 of this Agreement, the two South Vietnamese parties shall not accept the introduction of troops, military advisers, and military personnel including technical military personnel, armaments, munitions, and war material into South Viet-Nam....

Article 8
(a) The return of captured military personnel and foreign civilians of the parties shall be carried out simultaneously with and completed not later than the same day as the troop withdrawal mentioned in Article 5. The parties shall exchange complete lists of the above-mentioned captured military personnel and foreign civilians on the day of the signing of this Agreement.
(b) The Parties shall help each other to get information about those military personnel and foreign civilians of the parties missing in action, to determine the location and take care of the graves of the dead so as to facilitate the exhumation and repatriation of the remains, and to take any such other measures as may be required to get information about those still considered missing in action.
(c) The question of the return of Vietnamese civilian personnel captured and detained in South Viet-Nam will be resolved by the two South Vietnamese parties on the basis of the principles of Article 21(b) of the Agreement on the Cessation of Hostilities in Viet-Nam of July 20, 1954. The two South Vietnamese parties will do so in a spirit of national reconciliation and concord, with a view to ending hatred and enmity, in order to ease suffering and to reunite families. The two South Vietnamese parties will do their utmost to resolve this question within ninety days after the cease-fire comes into effect....

Article 11
Immediately after the cease-fire, the two South Vietnamese parties will: -achieve national reconciliation and concord, end hatred and enmity, prohibit all acts of reprisal and discrimination against individuals or organizations that have collaborated with one side or the other; -ensure the democratic liberties of the people: personal freedom, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of meeting, freedom of organization, freedom of political activities, freedom of belief, freedom of movement, freedom of residence, freedom of work, right to property ownership, and right to free enterprise....
Chapter V The Reunification of Viet-Nam and The Relationship Between North and South Viet-Nam

Article 15
The reunification of Viet-Nam shall be carried out step by step through peaceful means on the basis of discussions and agreements between North and South Viet-Nam, without coercion or annexation by either party, and without foreign interference. The time for reunification will be agreed upon by North and South Viet-Nam. Pending reunification:
(a)The military demarcation line between the two zones at the 17th parallel is only provisional and not a political or territorial boundary, as provided for in paragraph 6 of the Final Declaration of the 1954 Geneva Conference.
(b)North and South Viet-Nam shall respect the Demilitarized Zone on either side of the Provisional Military Demarcation Line.
(c) North and South Viet-Nam shall promptly start negotiations with a view to reestablishing normal relations in various fields. Among the questions to be negotiated are the modalities of civilian movement across the Provisional Military Demarcation Line.
(d) North and South Viet-Nam shall not join any military alliance or military bloc and shall not allow foreign powers to maintain military bases, troops, military advisers, and military personnel on their respective territories, as stipulated in the 1954 Geneva Agreements on Viet-Nam....

Article 21
The United States anticipates that this Agreement will usher in an era of reconciliation with the Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam as with all the peoples of Indochina. In pursuance of its traditional policy, the United States will contribute to healing the wounds of war and to postwar reconstruction of the Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam and throughout Indochina.

Article 22
The ending of the war, the restoration of peace in Viet-Nam, and the strict implementation of this Agreement will create conditions for establishing a new, equal and mutually beneficial relationship between the United States and the Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam on the basis of respect of each other's independence and sovereignty, and non-interference in each other's internal affairs. At the same time this will ensure stable peace in Viet-Nam and contribute to the preservation of lasting peace in Indochina and Southeast Asia....
The Return of Captured Military Personnel and Foreign Civilians

Article 1
The parties signatory to the Agreement shall return the captured military personnel of the parties mentioned in Article 8(a) of the Agreement as follows: -all captured military personnel of the United States and those of the other foreign countries mentioned in Article 3(a) of the Agreement shall be returned to United States authorities; -all captured Vietnamese military personnel, whether belonging to regular or irregular armed forces, shall be returned to the two South Vietnamese parties; they shall be returned to that South Vietnamese party under whose command they served.

Article 2
All captured civilians who are nationals of the United States or of any other foreign countries mentioned in Article 3(a) of the Agreement shall be returned to United States authorities. All other captured foreign civilians shall be returned to the authorities of their country of nationality by any one of the parties willing and able to do so.

Article 3
The parties shall today exchange complete lists of captured persons mentioned in Articles 1 and 2 of this Protocol.

Article 4
(a) The return of all captured persons mentioned in Articles 1 and 2 of this Protocol shall be completed within sixty days of the signing of the Agreement at a rate no slower than the rate of withdrawal from South Viet-Nam of United States forces and those of the other foreign countries mentioned in Article 5 of the Agreement.
(b) Persons who are seriously ill, wounded or maimed, old persons and women shall be returned first. The remainder shall be returned either by returning all from one detention place after another or in order of their dates of capture, beginning with those who have been held the longest....
With Regard to Dead and Missing Persons

Article 10
(a) The Four-Party Joint Military Commission shall ensure joint action by the parties in implementing Article 8 (b) of the Agreement. When the Four-Party Joint Military Commission has ended its activities, a Four-Party Joint Military team shall be maintained to carry on this task.
(b) With regard to Vietnamese civilian personnel dead or missing in South Viet-Nam, the two South Vietnamese parties shall help each other to obtain information about missing persons, determine the location and take care of the graves of the dead, in a spirit of national reconciliation and concord, in keeping with the people's aspirations....
SOURCE: U.S. Secretary of State (ed.) United States Treaties and Other International Agreements, 1974, passim.

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The Viet Nam Wars
Excerpts from the Paris Accords, January 27, 1973. Article I .... The United States and all other countries respect the independence, sovereignty, unity, ...


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Aperçu du document 184/210
Auteur
CONFÉRENCE SUR LE VIÊT-NAM
PARIS - 02.03.1973
Titre


ACTE FINAL DE LA CONFERENCE INTERNATIONALE SUR LE VIET-NAM (Paris, 2 mars 1973)

Le gouvernement de la République française ;
Le gouvernement révolutionnaire provisoire de la République du Sud-Viêt-nam ;
Le gouvernement de la République populaire hongroise ;Le gouvernement de la République d'Indonésie ;
Le gouvernement de la République populaire de Pologne ;
Le gouvernement de la République démocratique du Viêt-nam ;
Le gouvernement du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord ;
Le gouvernement de la République du Viêt-nam ;
Le gouvernement de l'Union des Républiques socialistes soviétiques ;
Le gouvernement du Canada ;
Le gouvernement de la République populaire de Chine et le gouvernement des États-Unis d'Amérique ;

En présence du Secrétaire général de l'Organisation des Nations unies ;
Aux fins de prendre acte des accords signés, de garantir la cessation de la guerre, le maintien de la paix au Viêt-nam, le respect des droits nationaux fondamentaux du peuple vietnamien et le droit de la population sud-vietnamienne à 'autodétermination et de contribuer à la paix en Indochine et de la garantir ;Sont convenus des dispositions ci-après, qu'ils s'engagent à respecter et à exécuter :

Article premier

L'approbation de l'accord sur le cessez-le-feu au Viêt-namLes parties au présent Acte prennent solennellement acte et expriment solennellement leur approbation de l'accord de Paris sur la cessation de la guerre et le rétablissement de la paix au Viêt-nam, signé à Paris le 27 janvier 1973, et des quatre rotocoles accompagnant l'accord, signés à la même date (ci-après désignés respectivement 'accord et les protocoles) et les appuient solennellement.

Article 2
Le contenu de l'accordL'accord correspond aux aspirations et aux droits nationaux fondamentaux du peuple vietnamien, à savoir l'indépendance, la souveraineté, l'unité et l'intégrité territoriale du Viêt-nam, au droit de la population sud-vietnamienne à l'autodétermination, ainsi qu'au désir sincère de paix commun à tous les pays du monde. Il représente une contribution majeure à la paix, à l'autodétermination, à l'indépendance nationale et à l'amélioration des relations entre les pays. L'accord et les protocoles doivent être strictement respectés et scrupuleusement exécutés.

Article 3
Les parties au présent Acte prennent solennellement acte de l'engagement pris par les parties à l'accord et aux protocoles de respecter strictement et d'exécuter scrupuleusement l'accord et les protocoles.

Article 4
Le respect des droits du peuple vietnamienLes parties au présent Acte reconnaissent solennellement et respectent strictement les droits nationaux fondamentaux du peuple vietnamien, à savoir l'indépendance, la souveraineté, l'unité et l'intégrité territoriale du Viêt-nam, ainsi que le droit de la population sud-vietnamienne à l'autodétermination. Les parties au présent Acte respecteront strictement l'accord et les protocoles en s'abstenant de toute action qui ne serait pas conforme à leurs dispositions.

Article 5
Dans l'intérêt d'une paix durable au Viêt-nam, les parties au présent Acte invitent tous les pays à respecter strictement les droits nationaux fondamentaux du peuple vietnamien, à savoir l'indépendance, la souveraineté, l'unité et l'intégrité territoriale du Viêt-nam et le droit de la population sud-vietnamienne à l'autodétermination et à respecter strictement l'accord et les protocoles en s'abstenant de toute action qui ne serait pas conforme à leurs dispositions.

Article 6
Le contrôle de l'exécution des engagements
a) Les quatre parties à l'accord ou les deux parties sud-vietnamiennes pourront, soit individuellement, soit au moyen d'une action commune, informer les autres parties au présent Acte de l'exécution de l'accord et des protocoles. Etant donné que les rapports et les vues présentés par la Commission internationale de contrôle et de surveillance concernant le contrôle et la surveillance de la mise en oeuvre des dispositions de l'accord et des protocoles qui font partie des tâches de la Commission seront adressés soit aux quatre parties signataires de l'accord soit aux deux parties sud-vietnamiennes, il incombera à ces parties, soit individuellement, soit au moyen d'une action commune, de les transmettre sans délai aux autres parties au présent Acte.

b) Les quatre parties à l'accord ou les deux parties sud-vietnamiennes transmettront aussi, soit individuellement, soit au moyen d'une action commune, ces renseignements ainsi que ces rapports et vues à l'autre participant à la Conférence internationale sur le Viêt-nam pour information.

Article 7
Les recours contre une violation

a) Dans le cas d'une violation de l'accord ou des protocoles qui menace la paix, l'indépendance, la souveraineté, l'unité ou l'intégrité territoriale du Viêt-nam, ou le droit de la population sud-vietnamienne à l'autodétermination, les parties signataires de l'accord et des protocoles, agissant soit individuellement, soit conjointement, consulteront les autres parties au présent Acte en vue de déterminer les mesures nécessaires pour y porter remède.

b) La Conférence internationale sur le Viêt-nam sera convoquée de nouveau sur demande conjointe du gouvernement des États-Unis d'Amérique et du gouvernement de la République démocratique du Viêt-nam au nom des parties signataires de l'accord ou à la demande de six au moins des parties au présent Acte.

Article 8

Le statut du Cambodge et du LaosAux fins de contribuer à la paix en Indochine et de la garantir, les parties au présent Acte prennent acte de l'engagement pris par les parties à l'accord de respecter l'indépendance, la souveraineté, l'unité, l'intégrité territoriale et la neutralité du Cambodge et du Laos comme il est stipulé dans l'accord, conviennent aussi de les respecter et de s'abstenir de toute action qui ne leur serait pas conforme et invitent les autres pays à faire de même.

Article 9
L'entrée en vigueur de l'Acte finalLe présent Acte entre en vigueur lors de sa signature par les représentants plénipotentiaires de chacune des douze parties et sera exécuté strictement par toutes les parties. La signature du présent Acte ne vaudra en aucun cas reconnaissance d'une partie quelle qu'elle soit si cette reconnaissance n'a pas été accordée antérieurement.

Fait à Paris en douze exemplaires le deux mars mil neuf cent soixante-treize, en langues française, russe, vietnamienne, anglaise et chinoise, tous les textes faisant également foi.

Pour le gouvernement de la République française, Le ministre des Affaires étrangères : Maurice Schumann.
Pour le gouvernement de la République populaire hongroise, Le ministre des Affaires étrangères : Janos Péter.
Pour le gouvernement de la République populaire de Pologne, Le ministre des Affaires étrangères : Stefan Olszowski.
Pour le gouvernement du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord, Le secrétaire d'État pour les Affaires étrangères et les Affaires du Commonwealth : Alec Douglas-Home.
Pour le gouvernement de l'Union des Républiques socialistes soviétiques, Le ministre des Affaires étrangères : Andrei A. Gromyko.
Pour le gouvernement de la République populaire de Chine, Le ministre des Affaires étrangères : Chi Peng Fei.
Pour le gouvernement révolutionnaire provisoire de la République du Sud-Viêt-nam, Le ministre des Affaires étrangères : Nguyen Thi Binh.
Pour le gouvernement de la République d'Indonésie, Le ministre des Affaires étrangères : Adam Malik.

Pour le gouvernement de la République démocratique du Viêt-nam, Le ministre des Affaires étrangères : Nguyen Duy Trinh.

Pour le gouvernement de la République du Viêt-nam. le Ministre des Affaires étrangères : Tran Van Lam.

Pour le gouvernement du Canada, Le secrétaire d'État aux Affaires extérieures : Mitchell Sharp.Pour le gouvernement des États-Unis d'Amérique. Le secrétaire d'État : William P. Rogers.

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PARIS - 02.03.1973. Titre, ACTE FINAL DE LA CONFÉRENCE INTERNATIONALE SUR LE ... à Paris le 27 janvier 1973, et des quatre protocoles accompagnant l'accord, ...

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